Mental disorders are increasingly understood as disorders of brain development. Large and heterogeneous samples are required to define generalizable links between brain development and psychopathology. To this end, we introduce the Reproducible Brain Charts (RBC), an open resource that integrates data from 5 large studies of brain development in youth from three continents (N=6,346). Bifactor models were used to create harmonized psychiatric phenotypes, capturing major dimensions of psychopathology. Following rigorous quality assurance, neuroimaging data were carefully curated and processed using consistent pipelines in a reproducible manner. Initial analyses of RBC emphasize the benefit of careful quality assurance and data harmonization in delineating developmental effects and associations with psychopathology. Critically, all RBC data–including harmonized psychiatric phenotypes, unprocessed images, and fully processed imaging derivatives–are openly shared without a data use agreement via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative. Together, RBC facilitates large-scale, reproducible, and generalizable research in developmental and psychiatric neuroscience.

White matter bundle reconstruction from diffusion MRI has thus far mostly been constrained to high-quality data acquired from many directions on multiple shells. Here, we evaluate test-retest reliability and predictive capability of WM bundles reconstructed from single-shell, 32-direction dMRI data in 1221 subjects, comparing three orientation distribution function reconstruction methods (GQI, CSD, SS3T-CSD). We find that WM connections can be reliably reconstructed from these simple acquisitions with features well-suited for predicting cognition. The three ODF methods strongly influenced bundle reliability, completeness, and predictive performance, with advantages for single-shell-optimized methods. Our results highlight the enormous potential for clinical and legacy dMRI datasets to accelerate WM research.

Here, we present the results of a fully pre-registered, living systematic review on psilocybin treatment for depressive symptoms. The original studies included in our primary meta-analysis suggest promise: compared to control conditions, psilocybin showed a greater reduction in depression scores, greater treatment response, and higher remission rates. Notably, our living review will be regularly updated, with all data, code, and results openly available on our public website for the SYPRES initiative (Synthesis of Psychedelic Research Studies; sypres.io). Our continuously maintained database already includes over 200 total effect sizes, encompassing all depression timepoints and outcomes reported by arm in each of the 12 randomized controlled clinical trials included.